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Xunlei refers to both the corporation and its flagship product Thunder Download Manager. With its so-called P2SP technology and its surprising capability to speed up downloading, Xunlei grew rapidly. Xunlei now is the most popular download engine and is one of the most popular clients in China, second only to Tencent QQ.

As a corporation, Xunlei is a promising phenomenon in China like Tencent. It started from an adware and now has dominant power in data transfer markets. Xunle’s flagship products, Xunlei download manager and Xunlei Kankan, armed with P2SP, have greater popularity than all competitors. Xunlei’s underlying data transfer engine, P2SP, can be seen as a new structure and technology innovation. As a self-growing network, Xunlei’s P2SP network is strengthening and being strengthened by Xunlei’s growing users.

Corporation
As a corporation, Xunlei’s formal name is Shenzhen Thunder Networking Technologies Ltd.

History
January 2002, Shenglong Zou returned to China from Silicon Valley and founded Sandai with his Duke schoolmate Hao Cheng.
2004, IDG invested Sandai.
May 2005, Sandai changed its name to Xunlei.
2006, Morningside Ventures invested Xunlei.
January 2007, Xunlei got 3rd fund led by Ceyuan Ventures with participators of Morningside, IDG, Fidelity Asia. Google was the strategic investor.

Google Investment
Google’s investment aroused much questioning. It’s believed this stemmed from competition with Baidu. Subsequent bundling Google Toolbar in Xunlei is believed to contribute much to Google China’s traffic rise.

Products
Xunlei download manager, generally called Xunlei, is the flagship product of Xunlei Corporation. With its core technology of P2SP data transfer engine, Xunlei expands its advantage from downloading to multiple fields. Now, Xunlei Kankan, an independent video-on-demand product providing DVD quality videos is very popular. Gougou search engine which provides multimedia search is the fourth biggest search engine in China. Other supplementary products range from local Media Player to Software Assistant. In Baidu’s Top List of Software Search, Xunlei and Xunlei Kankan generally hold 2 of the top 3 most popular softwares.

Xunlei
Xunlei is one of the most popular softwares chosen by end-users in China subject to its superior speed. Compared with other downloaders, its download speed could be several times faster. Such advantage is obtained via its proprietary P2SP technology in a multi-billion indexed binary-file search engine and an algorithmic hybridization breakthrough of various standard file transfer protocols, consisting of HTTP, FTP, MMS, RTSP, BT, eMule, and etc.

Xunlei is also a products family with its members including the most popular Xunlei 5 and Xunlei Mini, Web Xunlei. As a freeware, Xunlei has advertisement in its products generally in the form of Web banner. Recently, it starts to offer VIP programs, providing value-adding services such as offline downloading.

Advertisements
The software has numerous advertisements which cannot be disabled. They occupy a large portion of the screen. Some advertisements are pop-ups. These advertisements often direct users toward harmful websites, infecting users’ computers with viruses. Many advertisements direct users toward adult contents which are not suitable for certain users.

Computer Virus
Files bundled in Xunlei, in addition to some of the major binary files and others, such as Baidu Toolbar were reported as computer viruses or malware by Norton Antivirus and McAfee.

Adware
Xunlei contains numerous advertisements and pop-ups in it which cannot be disabled. Xunlei also bundles 3rd party software such as Google Toolbar and Baidu Toolbar. Users are informed of the bundling and can choose not to install the toolbars but there is no option to disable the ads.

Spyware
Xunlei uploads files from users’ computers without acknowledging the user or asking for additional consent except in its installation agreement. Unlike other peer to peer softwares, the software provides no information of what is being uploaded and the upload speed. While in most of the other peer to peer softwares such as Bitcomet and FlashGet, it is possible to browse related information. Xunlei argues it only uploads when necessary and upload only files downloaded by Xunlei, but there is no universal consensus on the truthfulness of this statement. However, disputes often arise from no consensus of the exact definition of Spyware.

P2P Client
Xunlei can not be simply seen as a P2P client. It uses P2P technology to speed up but essentially not a file sharing tool. Xunlei has no support to share a private file. No search, downloading, or publishing of private files was supported. In summary, Xunlei is a tool and can be used only to download public files in web sites.

Xunlei Kankan
Xunlei Kankan is generally called Kankan. Kankan provides video-on-demand service with a web interface. The differences between Kankan and other VOD products such as video sharing like Youtube are as follows: First, Kankan makes use of its so-called P2SP technology and provides high definition DVD-quality videos. This naturally requires client installation. Sencond, Kankan claims to have copyrights and cooperates with many content providers and service providers in China. With Kankan’s increasing popularity and increasing fame, Kankan grew so rapid that if often surpasses Xunlei in Baidu search traffic.

Gougou
Gougou is a search engine focusing on multimedia search. As a fourth search engine in China, Gougou is No 1 in video search market. Gougou provides direct searching of files which causes accusations of copyright violation. This website often has pop-ups of its advertisers, which frequently infect one’s computer with computer viruses and trojans. Gougou makes efforts such as screening certain keywords; yet, it’s still in doubt for a final solution.

Other Products
Xunlei is expanding its power in data transfer to multiple fields. To get a full list of its power in data transfer products, refer to the official site of Xunlei software list.

P2SP
With rapid progress of bandwidth and increasing multimedia contents, content delivery service is becoming more and more important. This calls for a powerful data transfer engine. Xunlei’s engine is called P2SP, which compromises the merits of search engine, Content Delivery Network (CDN) and P2P.

Mechanism
P2SP stands for peer to server and to peer. P2SP is the key to Xunlei’s surprising speed. Basically P2SP works as follows:

Step1 a user initiates a data transfer task, such as a downloading given an HTTP-form URL.
Step2 Xunlei client queries backend servers which translates this URL into a unique identifier identifying the related content.
Step3 Backend servers search for sources with the same identifier and return them to the downloading client. The sources may be servers or clients.
Step4 Client uses the sources for multiple-source data transfer.
P2SP’s strength lies in its capability to traverse multiple protocols including traditional client-server based protocols like HTTP/FTP/MMS/RTSP and P2P systems including BT/EMule.

P2SP Streaming
P2SP streaming is expanded from downloading to streaming. The difference is the latter must guarantee fluency while obtaining maximum speed. P2SP streaming has all the advantages P2SP has. The most powerful part may be its capability to traverse downloading and streaming. Imagine a client downloading a video can share data with a streaming user. Such traversal makes great difference with general P2P streaming specially in ADSL case where upward bandwidth is far below downward bandwidth.

P2SP and P2P
P2SP incorporates search engine techniques, Content Delivery Network and P2P. P2SP is not only P2P and should be seen as a new structure. In this structure, Owners can distribute files using whatever protocols, BT/EMule/CDN etc. Spiders subsequently crawls the web to find the new published files. Then the client having a built-in P2SP engine can download from multiple sources. This structure adds much more server computing while avoiding additional manual configurations.

P2SP is more complex than P2P. P2SP should balance between different peers and different kinds of servers. P2SP also calls for a strong Web spider to crawl the web and to compute the links having files.

P2SP arouses worries among site owners who try to build their own private data network. Anyway, this should be more a commercial question than a technical one.

P2SP Computing
Cloud computing is becoming the trend, but not the only one. Not everything can be put to server ends. In the future, bandwidth may still be the bottleneck for high band-consuming services such as video. P2SP is an alternative solution.

Challenges

Computer Viruses
Gougou often directs users toward harmful websites or simply bring up pop-ups from its advertisers that are harmful, infecting their computers with computer viruses and trojans. This caused Gougou to provide no 3rd pages in a time which aroused protests in site owners. Download sites are often small and liable to attacks. It’s a technical challenge to be a search engine while guaranteeing safety when directing users to them.

Copyright
Content providers often find users download through Xunlei. They often accuse Xunlei of helping, actively or inactively, violate their copyrights. On the other hand, Xunlei declares itself as only a tool and has no right to control how users use it.

As copyrights protection gets stricter, Xunlei tries to find the way out. In 2007, Xunlei declares its new service called “Claim Copyrights” which enables copyrights owners to protect their contents in Xunlei’s platform. Later, Kankan claims to host only authorized contents. While these new actions make progress, the final solution seems still far.

Competition
Xunlei’s popularity arouses much competition. The biggest competitors are Tencent whose flagship product QQ is used by nearly every Chinese user and FlashGet whose product was the previous No 1 in China. As more and more tools are developing their own P2SP, Xunlei’s technical advantage is facing greater challenges. However, Xunlei’s dominance seems still very strong. This may be explained by its self-growing P2SP network and its strong product brand.

Debates and Discussions

File Sharing
Xunlei is not a P2P tool in its essence as it does not support active file sharing. While copyright advocates view Xunlei as a P2P tool and a facilitation to violate copyrights, P2P advocates criticizes Xunlei is a P2P vampire with much greater downloading than uploading. Many pure P2P tools blocked Xunlei. This blocking lessened after Xunlei balances download and upload.

Direct Linking
Direct linking, generally called leech, is many site owners’ concern. In 2006, Huajun, the leading software downloading site in China, initiated the blocking of Xunlei with many other downloading sites. The key issue is whether Xunlei is leeching and hurting sites to get its own benefits. The conflict is comprised finally. As more and more downloading tools embrace P2SP and bandwidth gets cheaper, the problem seems to fade.

Privacy
Xunlei shares files default without additional notifications after installation. While Xunlei argues that such action is a convention for every software and users can disable it, this still worries some users as sharing policy in Xunlei is unknown. Monitoring shows Xunlei shares only the files downloaded through it. File moving or renaming can automatically disable sharing.